多尺度城市地表温度降尺度方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨英宝  李小龙  曹晨 《测绘科学》2017,42(10)

针对目前星载热红外传感器的空间分辨率低,无法满足城市尺度的生态环境研究需求的现状,该文选择地表覆盖类型复杂的区域,根据研究区土地覆盖类型,选取归一化植被指数(NDVI)、城市不透水面指数(ISA)、改进的归一化差异水体指数(MNDWI)等因子加入DisTrad模型,采用移动窗口逐步回归统计地表温度和因子的线性关系,利用半方差曲线函数和均方根误差综合确定最优移动窗口的大小,以提高地表温度降尺度精度。研究结果表明:改进的DisTrad模型在地表覆盖类型复杂区域,具有良好的降尺度目视效果,且具有较高的降尺度精度,尤其在低植被覆盖的建筑区、水体区域具有更高的精度。  相似文献   

An integrated remote sensing and GIS approach for monitoring areas affected by selective logging: A case study in northern Mato Grosso,Brazilian Amazon     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Forest cover disturbances due to processes such as logging and forest fires are a widespread issue especially in the tropics, and have heavily affected forest biomass and functioning in the Brazilian Amazon in the past decades. Satellite remote sensing has played a key role for assessing logging activities in this region; however, there are still remaining challenges regarding the quantification and monitoring of these processes affecting forested lands. In this study, we propose a new method for monitoring areas affected by selective logging in one of the hotspots of Mato Grosso state in the Brazilian Amazon, based on a combination of object-based and pixel-based classification approaches applied on remote sensing data. Logging intensity and changes over time are assessed within grid cells of 300 m × 300 m spatial resolution. Our method encompassed three main steps: (1) mapping forest/non-forest areas through an object-based classification approach applied to a temporal series of Landsat images during the period 2000–2015, (2) mapping yearly logging activities from soil fraction images on the same Landsat data series, and (3) integrating information from previous steps within a regular grid-cell of 300 m × 300 m in order to monitor disturbance intensities over this 15-years period. The overall accuracy of the baseline forest/non-forest mask (year 2000) and of the undisturbed vs disturbed forest (for selected years) were 93% and 84% respectively. Our results indicate that annual forest disturbance rates, mainly due to logging activities, were higher than annual deforestation rates during the whole period of study. The deforested areas correspond to circa 25% of the areas affected by forest disturbances. Deforestation rates were highest from 2001 to 2005 and then decreased considerably after 2006. In contrast, the annual forest disturbance rates show high temporal variability with a slow decrease over the 15-year period, resulting in a significant increase of the ratio between disturbed and deforested areas. Although the majority of the areas, which have been affected by selective logging during the period 2000–2014, were not deforested by 2015, more than 70% of the deforested areas in 2015 had been at least once identified as disturbed forest during that period.  相似文献   

井中激发极化法在金牙金矿床普查中的应用     

李建良 《地质与勘探》2016,52(5):924-930

在金属矿普查和勘探中,井中激发极化法能帮助判断钻孔中已知矿化体或矿体的空间展布,特别是盲矿体。和地面激发极化法相比,该方法供电电极或测量电极接近矿体,加大了勘探深度和范围,且井中干扰较小,数据的信噪比高。金牙金矿床是典型的微细粒浸染型金矿床。由于该金矿床的空间展布的复杂性,在勘探过程中需要预测矿体的展布与形态。文章以金牙金矿床那元矿段ZK58811孔的井中激电为例,对激电测井与地-井方式方位测量的方法技术及资料解释作了说明。该矿床矿体受构造与岩性双重控制,矿床延伸较大,矿体形态复杂多变,地表覆盖着较厚的第四系沉积。通过井中激发极化法测量,较准确地推断了构造、矿体在钻孔四周的展布,为后续钻探设计提供依据,减少了探矿风险,加快了矿床勘查,证明井中激电在微细粒浸染型金矿勘查中的应用是可行的和有效的。  相似文献   

辽河盆地东部凹陷古近系玄武岩岩石学特征及其测井响应     

杨凯凯  边伟华  缴洋洋  周旭红  徐琛琛  卢忠琼 《世界地质》2016,35(1):235-243

根据辽河盆地东部凹陷45口钻井的305.79 m玄武岩岩芯、176个岩芯薄片和其对应井段的测井资料,将东部凹陷玄武岩分为致密玄武岩、气孔玄武岩和角砾化玄武岩等3类。致密玄武岩呈致密块状,蚀变程度低,测井响应以高密度(平均值为2.71 g·cm~(-3))、低自然伽马(平均值为36 API)为特征;气孔玄武岩气孔发育,多被沸石、方解石等充填,蚀变程度最高,测井响应以低密度(平均值为2.47 g·cm~(-3))、高声波时差(平均值为72μs·ft~(-1))为特征;角砾化玄武岩呈自碎角砾状,发育角砾间孔,测井响应以低电阻率(平均值为8Ω·m)为特征。这3种玄武岩的测井响应机理与其矿物组成、结构构造、蚀变类型及程度、孔缝发育程度及后期充填改造、流体类型等密切相关。  相似文献   

地层元素测井(ECS)中不相容元素特征对薄层火山地层对比的约束——以松辽盆地南部王府断陷火石岭组流纹质火山岩为例     

李建华  屈卫华  赵然磊  刘洪涛  唐华风 《世界地质》2016,35(1):264-274

利用ECS(Elemental Capture Spectroscopy)测井资料中Gd和Ti交汇图进行火山地层对比。结果表明王府断陷流纹质火山地层可划分为5个地层单元;存在明显间断期的CS13和CS14井均揭示Ti元素变化特征是上覆层段(晚喷发期)含量高,并推测火山喷发顺序为期次1-期次2-期次3。火山活动从南到北叠置迁移变化,经历了弱(期次1)-强(期次2)-弱(期次3)的喷发序列。对比实测孔隙度、渗透率与喷发期次的关系,可知期次2储层物性最优,期次1次之,期次3储层物性较差,有利储层分布在期次2范围内。  相似文献   

气测录井在南方页岩气黔绥地1井中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王志刚  薛倩冰  吴纪修  李宽  李鑫淼  尹浩  李小洋 《探矿工程》2018,45(7):1-5

南方页岩气黔绥地1井为全井取心钻进,通过加工模拟绞车实现了绞车传感器的安装、安装开关代替了悬重传感器的安装、将泵冲传感器安装到皮带轮保护罩上等解决方法,使得气测录井在黔绥地1井中顺利进行。影响黔绥地1井气测录井结果的主要因素有储集层、钻井液、钻井工程以及脱气器,这些影响因素的存在给黔绥地1井气测录井资料解释带来了很大的困扰。为了减少对气测录井资料解释的困扰,必须加强对现场工作人员的录井培训,使录井人员在工作当中能够有效地消除可控因素对气测录井的影响,在一定程度上提高地质钻探气测录井的准确度,为南方页岩气地层划分提供有力的数据支撑。  相似文献   

基于测井系列校正的趋势面分析法标准化研究          下载免费PDF全文

李姊桐  张庆国  邢小林 《地质找矿论丛》2018,33(2):272-277

对测井资料进行标准化处理是地质精细解释的前提,不仅能提高测井资料的准确性,并且能保障测井解释精度。本文采用趋势面分析法对测井资料进行标准化。在进行第一次标准化处理时,由于研究区内新老井应用多种测井系列测量,出现了由测井系列差异引起的异常点。因此,将测井系列校正纳入标准化处理流程,即当工区开发历时较久、范围较大、测井系列较多时,在测井资料标准化之前必须先进行测井系列校正;提出了测井系列校正的方法,应用该方法对测井资料校正后,再进行第二次标准化处理。其结果检验表明,处理后的测井信息更加符合区域地质规律,证明该思路符合实际需求,能更加准确地完成区块测井资料的标准化,可以推广至全区及其它类似工区。  相似文献   

碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层类型识别与分类预测   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵军  刘彦斌  王菲菲  戢宇强 《中国岩溶》2018,37(4):584-591

在碳酸盐岩储层评价中,储层类型的识别与分类是其关键,而储集空间决定了储层类型。储集空间主要以沉积以后的成岩后生及表生阶段改造的次生孔隙为主。由于次生改造作用的千差万别,再加上不同期次的改造作用的叠加,使得碳酸盐岩储层的次生孔隙结构异常复杂,储集空间的复杂性也造成了储层类型的多样性。文章根据研究区块常规、成像测井资料,结合取芯、地质以及测试资料对储层类型进行识别,并应用聚类分析方法对储层进行分类。研究结果表明,储层类型主要分为孔隙型、孔洞型、裂缝型储层,并将其分为四类储层,为研究区碳酸盐岩储层评价奠定了基础。   相似文献   

松辽盆地科学钻探工程松科二井东孔上白垩统地球物理测井科学成果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邹长春  张小环  赵金环  彭诚  张淑霞  李宁  肖亮  牛一雄  丁娱娇  秦宇星  林峰 《地球学报》2018,39(6):679-690

松辽盆地科学钻探工程是围绕地球深部资源、古环境与古气候等一系列重要地球科学问题而实施的重大科学工程。作为该工程的主体钻孔, 松科二井东孔设计为松辽盆地最深钻孔, 设计深度6 400.0 m, 计划穿透白垩系地层、钻至盆地基底。由于上白垩统井段取心量非常少, 因此地球物理测井的作用尤为重要。该孔正式开钻后, 采用先进的成像测井设备对一开和二开钻井井段(上白垩统井段)先后实施4次裸眼井综合测井和套管井测井作业, 并系统地开展测井综合评价, 取得以下科学成果: (1)原位获取了常规测井、特殊测井和固井质量检查测井资料共20种, 资料丰富、质量优良, 建立了上白垩统连续的岩石物理参数标准剖面; (2)完成了上白垩统地层划分、岩性识别、沉积和构造精细解释; (3)识别出泉头组油气储层、嫩江组和青山口组烃源岩层、嫩江组高放射性异常层, 以及上白垩统地热开发潜力层; (4)探索了青山口组古气候分析的有利测井指标; (5)及时提供准确的井径、钻孔轨迹和固井质量等关键钻探工程信息。研究成果对于松辽盆地地球物理勘探科学“标尺”建立、古环境与古气候研究、钻探工程施工起到至关重要的作用, 为整个钻探工程科学目标的实现奠定良好基础。  相似文献   

A Logging Identification Method for Fractured Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs Based on Curve Reconstruction: A Case Study from the Pz Formation in Karabulak Oil Field in the South Turgai Basin*     

Kegui Chen  Sixu Liu  Zhaofeng Wang  Yifei Zhang 《地球科学进展》2018,33(11):1154-1160

The basement carbonate reservoirs in the Karabulak oil field of the South Turgai Basin have the characteristics of complex structure, variety of pore type and strong heterogeneity. The identification of such reservoirs by single conventional logging method is always a difficult point in logging interpretation. In this paper, the response characteristics of conventional logging curves such as deep lateral resistivity, acoustic time difference, density and compensated neutron were used for reconstruction. Combined with the improved method of curve change rate, the response laws of fractured carbonate reservoirs, pore-cave reservoirs and fractured vuggy reservoirs on conventional logging curves were summed up, respectively. And a new logging evaluation method for carbonate fractured vuggy reservoirs in the Karabulak oil field of South Turgai Basin was proposed. This method was used to identify reservoirs in X1, X2 and X3 wells of this oilfield. The results show that the carbonate reservoirs in this area are mainly fractured-vuggy type. Compared with the oil test conclusion and imaging logging, the method proposed in this paper accurately divided the reservoir type. And the efficiency and accuracy of the reservoir division have been greatly improved.  相似文献